THE CONVERGENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC HEALTH, HUMAN RIGHTS AND ETHICS: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS IN BRAZIL

Abstract

This study analyzes the relationship between public health, human rights, and ethics, focusing on the implementation and challenges of public health programs in Brazil. The objective was to understand how the principles of equity, universality and social justice, enshrined in the Federal Constitution of 1988, guide health policies and programs such as the Unified Health System (SUS) and the Family Health Program (PSF). The methodology adopted was a bibliographic review, with analysis of official documents, academic articles and reports from international organizations. The theoretical framework covered concepts of human rights, social determinants of health, and ethics in public health, based on authors such as Paim (2011), Solar and Irwin (2010), and Beauchamp and Childress (2019). The main results indicated that, although public health programs in Brazil promote significant advances in access to health, challenges such as underfunding, regional inequalities, and lack of resources compromise their effectiveness. In addition, ethics in public health programs require a balance between collective health and individual rights, especially in contexts of health intervention. The final considerations suggest that, in order to strengthen public health programs, it is necessary to increase funding, promote social participation, and ensure efficient management, in line with constitutional and ethical principles, to ensure health as a fundamental right for all citizens.