BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMATERIALS IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY: TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE LAST 10 YEARS

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the main trends and innovations in biotechnology and biomaterials applied to implant dentistry over the past ten years. The research was carried out through a qualitative bibliographic review with a temporal scope from 2015 to 2023, encompassing national and international studies retrieved from scientific databases such as PubMed, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The theoretical framework was organized into three thematic axes: the evolution of biomaterials used in dental implants, biotechnological innovations in the osseointegration process, and the challenges and future perspectives of implant dentistry. The results indicate a significant advancement in the modification of implantable surfaces through nanotechnology, controlled release of bioactive ions, application of bone morphogenetic proteins, and incorporation of nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity. In parallel, the use of digital technologies such as additive manufacturing, intraoral scanning, and guided surgery enhanced clinical precision and customization of rehabilitations. The study also identified that although new biomaterials present high clinical performance, they still face challenges such as high costs, limited long-term clinical studies, and the need for continuous professional training. Future perspectives point to the consolidation of smart implants, surfaces functionalized with stem cells, and integration with artificial intelligence for therapeutic personalization. It is concluded that biotechnology and biomaterials have become strategic pillars for the evolution of contemporary implant dentistry, promoting more efficient, safer, and individually tailored oral rehabilitation.