NUTRITION’S IMPACT ON POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY: STRENGTHENING IMMUNITY AND LONG-TERM HEALTH

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the need for recovery strategies that go beyond pharmacological therapy, highlighting the role of nutrition as a central element in patient rehabilitation. This study aimed to analyze, through a qualitative bibliographic review, the influence of diet and nutritional supplementation on the recovery of individuals affected by SARS-CoV-2, focusing on immune strengthening and long-term health promotion. Scientific articles published between 2020 and 2023 were used, obtained from databases such as SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar. The results indicate that recovered patients often present with nutritional deficiencies, loss of lean mass, chronic fatigue, metabolic and immunological changes, as well as persistent symptoms that hinder the return to daily life. In this context, nutrition plays a key role in modulating the inflammatory response, tissue regeneration, and the restoration of organic functionality. Nutrients such as high-biological-value proteins, vitamins D, C, and B-complex, as well as minerals like zinc and selenium, were widely cited for their contribution to immune recovery. The role of immunonutrition and bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, was also highlighted in reducing oxidative stress and improving muscle rehabilitation. Nutritional approaches were more effective when combined with food re-education strategies, targeted supplementation, meal fractioning, and interdisciplinary care, addressing not only physiological needs but also the psychological and social aspects of the patient. Continued nutritional follow-up after hospital discharge is considered essential to prevent relapses, maintain clinical parameters, and consolidate full recovery. An empathetic and personalized approach by the nutrition professional was identified as a differential factor in therapeutic outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations. It is concluded that nutrition is an indispensable therapeutic resource in post-COVID-19 rehabilitation and should be systematically integrated into clinical protocols, with ethical conduct based on scientific evidence. Efficient recovery depends on individualized care that respects patient particularities, ensuring better quality of life, functionality, and the prevention of future complications.