APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

The study analyzed the applications of artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis, highlighting its advances, challenges, and future perspectives in the healthcare context. The research was based on a bibliographic review of Brazilian scientific articles published between 2017 and 2024, aiming to understand how intelligent systems have contributed to clinical practice. The findings revealed that artificial intelligence already significantly impacts radiology, oncology, cardiology, and neurology, providing faster, more accurate, and personalized diagnoses, in addition to optimizing workflows and reducing human errors. However, the implementation of this technology still faces major obstacles, such as algorithm transparency, the need for strong regulations, data privacy protection, and infrastructure inequality in developing countries. It was also observed that acceptance by healthcare professionals depends on adequate training and critical integration of the technology into clinical practice. Future perspectives point to a more predictive medicine, supported by genomic data, continuous monitoring, and digital devices, consolidating artificial intelligence as a strategic resource for strengthening precision medicine. It is concluded that, although the trajectory of technological evolution still presents challenges, the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis is undeniable, provided it is implemented responsibly, ethically, and equitably.