LATE DIAGNOSIS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) IN ADULTS AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that significantly interfere with academic, professional, and social performance. Although historically associated with childhood, there has been an increasing number of cases diagnosed later in adulthood, revealing important gaps in the clinical and social recognition of the disorder. This study aimed to analyze the psychological impacts and emotional repercussions resulting from the late diagnosis of ADHD in adults. It is a narrative literature review, qualitative in nature and bibliographic in approach, based on scientific articles, books, and technical documents published between 2019 and 2025, selected from national and international databases. This methodology allowed for the integration of different theoretical and empirical perspectives, providing a critical analysis of the emotional, social, and cognitive implications of delayed diagnosis. The reviewed literature shows that the delay in recognizing the disorder is associated with increased psychological distress, low self-esteem, and the development of a negative self-concept, often reinforced by experiences of failure and social stigmatization. It was also found that the absence of an early diagnosis compromises emotional self-regulation, stability in affective relationships, and productivity, directly affecting quality of life. The findings also indicate the need for better training of mental health professionals and intersectoral public policies aimed at the identification and follow-up of adult cases. It is concluded that the late recognition of ADHD in adults represents not only a clinical challenge but also a process of identity and emotional reconstruction that requires continuous support, psychosocial assistance, and institutional actions focused on promoting mental health, fostering social inclusion, and reducing stigma.