OBESITY AND EMOTIONS: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND EATING BEHAVIOR

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease resulting from the complex interaction of genetic, metabolic, behavioral, social and psychological factors. Among these, emotional and mental health aspects play a central role in shaping eating behavior and weight regulation. This integrative literature review examines how anxiety, stress, depression and low self-esteem contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity, with particular focus on emotional eating. The review synthesizes evidence on psychophysiological mechanisms, including chronic activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, hypercortisolemia and reward-related dopaminergic pathways, which increase preference for highly palatable, energy-dense foods and reinforce overeating. The bidirectional relationship between obesity and emotional disorders is discussed, emphasizing the frequent comorbidity with binge eating, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The article also analyzes the role of the nutritionist within a multidisciplinary team, highlighting the importance of integrating nutritional counseling with psychological and behavioral interventions. Evidence supports the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based approaches (including mindful eating) and emotional education to reduce emotional eating, improve self-regulation and enhance treatment adherence. The findings indicate that interventions focusing solely on caloric restriction are insufficient for long-term success. Comprehensive care that addresses both eating patterns and emotional regulation is essential to prevent relapse, promote sustainable weight loss and improve quality of life. The review reinforces the need to view the person health strategies.