DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CRITERIA

Abstract

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age, resulting from dysbiosis characterized by the replacement of Lactobacilli by anaerobic bacteria. Given its association with serious adverse outcomes, such as premature birth and increased susceptibility to STIs, accurate diagnosis is essential. This narrative review analyzes current diagnostic methods, contrasting traditional approaches with new technologies. Historically, diagnosis has been based on the Amsel Criteria (clinical) and the Nugent Score (laboratory, considered the gold standard in research). However, limitations such as subjectivity and difficulty in interpreting intermediate flora have driven the development of molecular methods (such as qPCR), which offer high sensitivity and specificity. The study concludes that, despite the accuracy of new technologies, cost and accessibility still maintain classical methods as pillars of practice, requiring an integrated approach to ensure diagnostic accuracy.