The health of the elderly with obesity: a literature review

Abstract

This study analyzes data related to the health of adults with obesity, considering the increase in the elderly population in Brazil and the problems related to obesity in this age group. According to the IBGE, the proportion of people over 60 years old was 6.1% in 1980, rising to 15.8% in 2022. In 2019, obesity in this population already reached 24.8%, and 64.4% of adults over 60 years of age were overweight. In addition to respiratory problems, obesity is linked to chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. A sedentary lifestyle, especially among the elderly, is a significant risk factor, exacerbated by a lack of physical activity and the increasing use of technologies. Inadequate diet, with excess calories and lack of nutrients, also contributes to the increase in obesity and the emergence of NCDs. The study emphasizes the importance of including fruits and vegetables in the diet as a preventive measure against obesity and its consequences. In addition, it examines the main factors associated with obesity in adults, such as eating habits, physical activity levels, and social aspects. The methodology included an analysis of 8 eligible subjects, with a rigorous selection process focused on the review of articles and eligibility criteria. The research revealed a significant prevalence of abdominal obesity among the elderly, especially among women, who are more predisposed to the development of NCDs.