CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, AND DIAGNOSIS IN PEDIATRICS

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific production on congenital toxoplasmosis in pediatrics, seeking to identify the main methods used in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the main aspects that permeate congenital toxoplasmosis in the pediatric population. The research was guided by the question: "What are the main aspects that permeate the development of congenital toxoplasmosis in pediatrics, as well as what are the main clinical repercussions and the diagnostic and therapeutic methods used in clinical practice?"element. To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using six descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 91 articles. 20 articles were selected for analysis and 10 articles were used to compose the collection. Results: Congenital Toxoplasmosis continues to be an important public health problem, due to the potential serious complications it presents for the fetus and the newborn. The reduction in seroprevalence in some regions shows progress, but highlights the need to expand preventive strategies, especially among women of childbearing age. Vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii is directly related to the gestational age of maternal infection, being more severe when it occurs in early pregnancy. Although treatment with antiparasitic drugs is effective in reducing sequelae, it has limitations and challenges, such as adverse effects and inefficiency against latent stages of the parasite. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that efforts combining early screening, population education, access to therapies, and development of new interventions, such as vaccines, are crucial. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach is essential to reduce the global burden of disease and improve outcomes for affected mothers and newborns.