DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: To report the main aspects involving Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, including diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the essential aspects of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.  The research was guided by the question: "What are the main signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as well as what are the diagnostic resources and therapeutic approaches used in clinical practice?" ``. To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using six descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 565 articles, of which 21 were selected for analysis.  Results: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when gastric contents are refluxed into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. Factors such as relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, hiatal hernia, obesity, and eating habits all contribute to the problem. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, endoscopy, and pH-metry. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Conclusion: Surveillance is crucial to avoid complications, such as esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, with advances in diagnosis and personalized therapies aiding in the prevention and control of the disease.