CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN ANESTHESIA OF PEDIATRIC CANCER PATIENTS: EFFICACY, SAFETY AND LONG-TERM IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the available scientific evidence on the relationship between anesthetic techniques and the prognosis of cancer patients, focusing on tumor progression and long-term survival. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, covering studies investigating the impacts of regional and general anesthesia in oncological surgeries, as well as the use of ketamine in the management of chronic pain in cancer patients. The research used the PubMed and Scopus databases, using terms such as "Pediatric Anesthesia", "Pediatric Oncology", "Chronic Pain," and "Neurological Development". Results: The literature indicates that regional anesthesia can moderate the immune response of patients, potentially reducing the risk of tumor recurrence. However, the available data are controversial and do not provide a definitive conclusion. The use of ketamine, especially in combination with opioids, shows promise in pain management but requires caution due to the possible adverse effects on neurological development, especially in pediatric patients. Conclusion: The choice of anesthetic technique in cancer patients should be made with attention to the long-term implications, considering both the immediate efficacy in pain control and the possible impacts on disease progression and quality of life of patients.