Breast reconstruction after mastectomy and contemporary challenges – Investigation of trends in breast reconstruction

Abstract

Introduction: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is a crucial part of the recovery process for women who have faced breast cancer. However, trends in this field are constantly evolving, with new surgical techniques, technological advancements, and a deeper understanding of aesthetic and functional outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the different breast reconstruction approaches and techniques available, to evaluate the aesthetic, functional, and psychological outcomes of the different reconstruction options, to identify the challenges faced by patients, including emotional, financial, and access to health care aspects, and to investigate recent innovations and emerging trends in breast reconstruction. Methods: The present research involved a review of the scientific literature of the last 3 years, analyzing articles from medical journals, systematic reviews, cohort studies and randomized clinical trials related to the theme. The MEDLINE database was used with the aid of the PubMed search platform and descriptors in English to include global studies in the final search. Results: The results showed a wide range of options available for breast reconstruction, including breast implants, autologous tissue flaps, such as the use of the latissimus dorsi flap and the rectus abdominis flap, and combined reconstruction techniques. An increase in the use of nipple and areola preservation techniques was observed, as well as a greater emphasis on symmetry and the natural appearance of the final result, through lipofilling. Among the challenges faced by patients are equitable access to reconstruction care, the risks associated with reconstructive surgery, and psychosocial and emotional considerations. Conclusion: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy continues to evolve, offering patients a variety of options to restore breast form and function, which are increasingly modern and have better results. Significant challenges are still present, including issues of access to healthcare, financial costs, and the psychological impact of surgery. Continued research advancement and collaboration among health professionals are essential to address these challenges and ensure that all women have access to high-quality reconstruction options and comprehensive support.