Impact of early breastfeeding: Analysis of the physiological and psychosocial benefits of breastfeeding in the first hour postpartum

Abstract

Breastfeeding in the first hours of life is a practice that goes beyond nutrition, playing a vital role in the survival and health of newborns. The literature has shown that early initiation of breastfeeding is directly related to a significant reduction in neonatal mortality, especially in public health contexts. In addition to the immediate effects, breastfeeding in the first hours promotes the physiological stabilization of the baby and strengthens the immune system, offering a crucial defense against infections. However, misinformation and myths still permeate this practice, often compromising its success. This study aimed to examine, through a narrative review of the literature, the relevance of this practice, highlighting its positive impact and combating common misinformation about breastfeeding. The methodology adopted involved a qualitative and descriptive narrative review referring to the last ten years of publications (2014-2024), with a bibliographic search carried out in health databases such as: Scielo, PubMed and VHL. The initial search identified 359 studies, of which 84 were fully evaluated after screening. Of these, 39 articles were selected to compose the final review, offering a solid basis for the analysis. The review concludes that exclusive breastfeeding, without the introduction of unnecessary supplements, is sufficient for adequate nutrition of the newborn. In addition, the role of health professionals, especially doctors and nurses, is fundamental for the success of breastfeeding, through programs such as the Stork Network Project and the Kangaroo Method.