ADVANCED MATERNAL AGE IN PREGNANCIES AND OBSTETRIC AND PERINATAL RISKS

Abstract

Pregnancy at an advanced maternal age (≥35 years) is a growing phenomenon, motivated by social changes, such as the female search for professional and emotional stability. Although it brings benefits, such as greater financial preparation, it is associated with obstetric and perinatal risks. This study aimed to identify the main complications related to pregnancies in women over 35 years of age and to highlight prenatal care to reduce such risks. A qualitative systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA criteria, analyzing 20 articles published between 2019 and 2024 in the Lilacs and Scielo databases. The data highlighted conditions such as gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm births, and high rates of cesarean section. Neonatally, prematurity, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality were identified. Among the results, gestational hypertension was prevalent, affecting about 24% of pregnant women, with a strong association with adverse outcomes. Gestational diabetes, observed in up to 25% of women, increases the risk of fetal macrosomia and neonatal complications. Preterm births, recorded in up to 18% of cases, correlate with elevated neonatal morbidity, while cesarean section rates exceed 60%. Psychosocial complications also emerged, including increased maternal anxiety and stress. It is concluded that late pregnancy requires intensive prenatal care, with continuous monitoring of risk conditions and emotional support for pregnant women. Public policies that expand access to specialized prenatal care and promote awareness of the risks of this condition are crucial. The integration of multidisciplinary teams can significantly improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, reducing complications associated with late pregnancies.