DRUG THERAPY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: CHALLENGES AND RECENT ADVANCES

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating mental disorder that profoundly impacts patients' cognition, social functioning, and quality of life. This study conducted a systematic literature review on the challenges and advances in the drug treatment of schizophrenia, focusing on cognitive deficits and emerging therapies. Second-generation antipsychotics demonstrated modest benefits on cognition, particularly in areas such as working memory, attention, and executive functions, while first-generation antipsychotics showed significant limitations. New approaches, such as TAAR1 receptor agonists, emerge as promising alternatives, offering potential improvements in cognitive deficits and the tolerability of treatments. Despite the advances, cognitive deficits remain a critical challenge, requiring integrated therapeutic strategies that combine innovative drugs, cognitive rehabilitation and management of associated comorbidities. This study highlights the need for continued research to optimize the management of schizophrenia and promote more effective functional recovery.