INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ON THE INCIDENCE OF VAGINAL DELIVERY AND CESAREAN SECTIONS IN BRAZIL IN THE LAST TEN YEARS

Abstract

This study reviewed the incidence of vaginal deliveries and cesarean sections in Brazil in the last ten years, with the objective of analyzing the trends of these delivery modalities and the factors associated with choice. The survey revealed that, despite some regions showing a reduction in cesarean section rates, Brazil still has one of the highest rates in the world, with about 55% of cesarean sections registered in 2022. The choice of the type of delivery is influenced by cultural and socioeconomic factors and the structure of health care. Regions with greater access to health services and higher educational level tend to have higher cesarean section rates, while rural areas have a higher incidence of vaginal deliveries. The culture of preference for cesarean section, the doctor-patient relationship, and the lack of public policies that encourage safe vaginal delivery are some of the factors that perpetuate this scenario. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had an impact, with an increase in caesarean sections due to fear of complications associated with vaginal delivery. The review concludes that it is necessary to promote the informed choice of the type of delivery and implement public policies that encourage humanized vaginal delivery, in addition to strengthening the education of pregnant women. Future studies should explore the combination of quantitative and qualitative data for a more comprehensive understanding of obstetric practices in Brazil.