PRODUCTION OF AVIATION BIOFUEL FROM HYMENAEA SP OIL USING HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST DERIVED FROM CAO CALCINATION - EGGSHELL

Authors

  • Zilmar Timoteo Soares Author
  • Gustavo Botega Serra Author
  • Luís Gustavo Neres Ferreira Soares Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56238/levv15n42-060

Keywords:

Seeds, Biokerosene, Sustainability

Abstract

Oilseeds are emerging as a promising fuel source, given the circumstances of the oil crisis and the urgent need to seek substitute alternatives compatible with sustainability. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the feasibility of the biofuel produced from the oil extracted from the seeds of Hymenaea sp, using CaO from the eggshell as a catalyst, aiming at its application in aviation. The methods used comprised the following steps: collection and cleaning of the material; extraction of oil from the seeds of Hymenaea sp; physicochemical characterization; determination of the acidity index; density measurement; calculation of the saponification index; evaluation of humidity (%H2O); kinematic viscosity measurement; characterization of the catalyst; carrying out the catalytic reaction and subsequent analysis of the products formed; biofuel production; evaluation of the levels of acidity, iodine, lead, sulfur and hydrocarbons present in the residues resulting from the process of obtaining biofuel; and testing the application of biofuel in a model airplane aircraft. In the physicochemical analyses of the crude and processed oil, the following values were obtained: acidity index (mg KOH/g) of 3.32 ± 0.03 and 3.38 ± 0.07, moisture content (%) of 0.75 ± 0.05 and 0.74 ± 0.05, iodine index (Wijs)% of 1.62 ± 0.04 and 1.72 ± 0.05, saponification index (mg KOH/g) of 167.3 ± 0.03 and 168.64 ± 0.01, and relative density at 25º C (g/mL) of 0.914 ± 0.03 and 0.913 ± 0.03. Regarding the mass balance tests, the transesterification reaction resulted in 56.22% of biofuel, 21.27% of glycerin, 12.02% of ethanol recovered and 10.44% of losses. The analysis of the phases obtained after calcination revealed the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in 48.3%, calcium oxide (CaO) in 41.4% and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in 10.3%. The interaction between these chemical components contributes to maintaining the high pH of the oil, promoting the disintegration of impurities and allowing the filtration of the material before the distillation of the biofuel. In the analysis of the biofuel produced, low levels of lead (1.243g), sulfur (< 0.066%), carbon (< 0.12mgKOH/g), iodine (1.63/200ml) and hydrocarbons (0.064g/l) were observed compared to commercial fuels. This composition results in a significantly lower emission of carbon dioxide and the production of waste that is less harmful to the environment, reducing environmental impacts by 78%, 79% and 96%, respectively, compared to the production of fossil fuels.

Published

2024-11-22

How to Cite

SOARES, Zilmar Timoteo; SERRA, Gustavo Botega; SOARES, Luís Gustavo Neres Ferreira. PRODUCTION OF AVIATION BIOFUEL FROM HYMENAEA SP OIL USING HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST DERIVED FROM CAO CALCINATION - EGGSHELL. LUMEN ET VIRTUS, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 42, p. 7346–7361, 2024. DOI: 10.56238/levv15n42-060. Disponível em: https://periodicos.newsciencepubl.com/LEV/article/view/1628. Acesso em: 23 feb. 2025.