IMPACTO DA CIRURGIA ROBÓTICA VS LAPAROSCÓPICA EM DESFECHOS ONCOLÓGICOS E FUNCIONAIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n60-043Palavras-chave:
Cirurgia Robótica, Cirurgia Laparoscópica, Cirurgia Minimamente Invasiva, Neoplasias Abdominais, Neoplasias PélvicasResumo
A cirurgia robótica tem se destacado como importante inovação na oncologia cirúrgica moderna, sobretudo no tratamento minimamente invasivo de neoplasias abdominais e pélvicas. Este estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática da literatura, baseada nas recomendações PRISMA 2020, com o objetivo de analisar os desfechos funcionais, perioperatórios e oncológicos da cirurgia robótica em comparação às técnicas laparoscópicas e abertas. A busca foi conduzida nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, incluindo estudos publicados entre 2021 e 2026. Após os critérios de elegibilidade, 46 estudos foram incluídos. Os resultados evidenciaram vantagens da cirurgia robótica, como melhor visualização tridimensional, maior precisão anatômica, menor perda sanguínea e redução das conversões para cirurgia aberta. Também foram observados melhores desfechos urinários e sexuais, principalmente em cirurgias urológicas e colorretais, devido à maior preservação neurovascular. Em relação aos resultados oncológicos, a técnica apresentou controle tumoral e margens cirúrgicas adequadas, além de menor tempo de internação e recuperação mais rápida. Contudo, persistem limitações relacionadas aos altos custos, necessidade de treinamento especializado e heterogeneidade metodológica dos estudos.
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