LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LA SARCOPENIA Y LAS ENFERMEDADES BUCAL: IMPACTOS EN LA SALUD SISTÉMICA Y LA CALIDAD DE VIDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/ERR01v10n4-019Palabras clave:
Sarcopenia, Enfermedades Bucodentales, Calidad de Vida, InflamaciónResumen
La sarcopenia, caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de masa muscular, fuerza y rendimiento, se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente en la población mayor. Simultáneamente, enfermedades bucodentales como la periodontitis y el edentulismo afectan la función masticatoria y la ingesta nutricional, pudiendo agravar afecciones sistémicas. Estudios recientes sugieren una relación bidireccional entre estas afecciones, lo que impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la sarcopenia y las enfermedades bucodentales, analizando su impacto en la salud sistémica y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y LILACS, utilizando los descriptores: "sarcopenia", "enfermedades bucodentales", "salud sistémica" y "calidad de vida". Se incluyeron artículos en portugués e inglés sin límite de tiempo. Tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron 69 estudios para el análisis cualitativo. Resultados: El análisis reveló que las personas con sarcopenia presentan una mayor prevalencia de problemas bucodentales, como pérdida de dientes, disminución de la fuerza masticatoria e hipofunción oral. La masticación ineficaz contribuye a una ingesta nutricional inadecuada, lo que agrava la sarcopenia. Además, los procesos inflamatorios asociados a la enfermedad periodontal se vinculan con un empeoramiento de la respuesta muscular sistémica. Estas afecciones influyen directamente en la autonomía, la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Conclusión: La relación entre la sarcopenia y las enfermedades bucodentales es multifactorial e interdependiente. El manejo clínico integral de estas afecciones es esencial para mitigar sus efectos sobre la salud sistémica y promover un envejecimiento más saludable.
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