NURSE INTERVENTIONS IN PRIMARY CARE FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS

Abstract

The hematological profile, composed of erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet counts, constitutes a basic but highly important patient assessment. The so-called "Complete Blood Count" (CBC) provides a complete hematological profile, allowing for the identification of important laboratory findings. For example, in cases of different degrees of anemia, it identifies erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytosis. The findings in the hematological profile can have various etiologies, deserving attention in cases of urgency, emergency, and neoplasia. This initial assessment can justify the need for immediate veterinary medical intervention, ranging from a blood transfusion to surgery. In this context, for the validation and accuracy of the values ​​obtained through hematological analysis, i.e., from the collected blood sample, care in choosing the venipuncture site, and care in obtaining the blood aliquot, its packaging, storage, and processing are fundamental. Considering the above, the objective was to address the care taken from obtaining the blood sample to its laboratory processing for obtaining the hematological profile of dogs and cats. Congenital syphilis remains a relevant public health problem in Brazil, highlighting weaknesses in prenatal care and adherence to prevention strategies. In this scenario, the nurse plays an essential role in Primary Health Care, acting from the early detection of infection to the promotion of comprehensive care for the pregnant woman, partner, and newborn. This study aimed to analyze the main interventions performed by nurses in the prevention and control of vertical transmission of syphilis. This is an integrative literature review, based on scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, as well as protocols and official documents from the Federal Nursing Council and the Ministry of Health. The results indicated that early diagnosis through serological screening, appropriate administration of benzathine penicillin, continuous guidance for pregnant women, and the inclusion of partners in treatment are fundamental strategies to reduce the incidence of the disease. The relevance of mandatory notification, systematic monitoring of cases, and continuing education of the multidisciplinary team are also highlighted as elements that improve care. It is concluded that expanding access to effective and humanized prenatal care, coupled with strengthening nursing practices, represents an essential measure for reducing congenital syphilis and promoting maternal and child health within the scope of Primary Care.