THE INFLUENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA DYSREGULATION ON ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AND THE CORRELATION WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: MICROBIOTA-BRAIN-GUT AXIS

Resumen

The Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) has an important role in the brain-intestine axis and some factors can influence the dysregulation of its microbiota. Dysbiosis consists of an imbalance in its composition, which can alter immunological responses, causing inflammation and compromising immune functions. Many diseases are associated with this change in the microbiome, such as neurological and mood disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Furthermore, the relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the Central Nervous System (CNS) is relevant in modulating the brain-intestine axis, being crucial in balancing body homeostasis. In this context, the consumption of probiotics is of great importance in regulating the microbiome and immunity. The present study constituted a research that was carried out through a bibliographical survey using an integrative review method, with evidence from the scientific literature. In this research, we managed to find data on the consequences of dysbiosis in psychological disorders and intestinal inflammation, and the use of probiotics with positive and negative results. It was possible to identify that there is a relationship between dysregulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota with anxiety and depression, and that it correlates with IBD. In summary, it was conceivable that dysbiosis has a great impact on the development of these disorders, altering CNS homeostasis and inducing the development of inflammatory pathological processes, thus relating the microbiota-brain- intestine axis with IBD. Research also provides promising results for probiotics in regulating the gastrointestinal microbiota and treating anxiety and depression, however it is necessary to consider carrying out more studies and research to be better established.

DOI: 10.56238/edimpacto2025.024-001