THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INDICATORS IN THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF COMPANIES: AN APPLICATION TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF SUZANO S/A FROM 2017 TO 2021

Abstract

This article investigates the importance of financial indicators in assessing the economic and financial performance of companies, with a study focused on Suzano S/A, the world’s largest pulp producer. The objective is to understand how key indicators, such as liquidity, debt, and profitability, contribute to evaluating the company’s financial health. The study aimed to understand how these indicators were affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period of great economic uncertainty. The methodology used is quantitative, based on the analysis of Suzano’s financial statements over five years. The data is evaluated to identify patterns and trends, allowing for a deeper understanding of the company’s ability to adapt to adverse economic scenarios. The use of a mathematical approach to interpret financial indicators is highlighted as a fundamental tool for accurate analysis of financial results. The results reveal that Suzano managed to maintain its market leadership, even in the face of challenges posed by the pandemic. The liquidity ratios demonstrated the company’s ability to meet its financial obligations, while debt levels remained under control. Profitability, though subject to fluctuations, remained positive, ensuring the company’s competitiveness. It is concluded that the proper use of financial indicators, combined with accounting and mathematical knowledge, is essential for formulating effective business strategies. These indicators are crucial not only for assessing the company’s financial health but also for ensuring its long-term stability and success in a competitive and globalized environment.

DOI: 10.56238/edimpacto2025.040-005