VAGINAL INFECTIONS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE MAIN VULVOVAGINITIDES
Keywords:
Gynecology, Women’s Health, VulvovaginitisAbstract
Vulvovaginitis is among the leading causes of gynecological consultations, affecting women across different age groups and significantly impacting quality of life. The most frequent etiologies include vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal trichomoniasis, which account for the majority of symptomatic cases. This chapter aims to conduct a narrative review of these infections, addressing their main etiological agents, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic updates. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is predominantly caused by Candida albicans, although non-albicans species are associated with recurrent cases and greater antifungal resistance. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, often related to Gardnerella vaginalis, and may occur asymptomatically. Vaginal trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection with important repercussions for sexual and reproductive health. Diagnosis of these conditions is based on clinical–laboratory correlation, with molecular methods representing more sensitive alternatives, although still limited by cost. Treatment involves specific antifungal, antibiotic, and antiparasitic agents, with growing concern regarding high recurrence rates and drug resistance. Therefore, the importance of accurate diagnosis, individualized management, and the development of new therapeutic strategies to optimize women’s health care is emphasized.
