LASERTERAPIA NA ODONTOLOGIA: EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS, APLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E LIMITAÇÕES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n4-039Palavras-chave:
Laserterapia, Odontologia, Laser de Baixa Intensidade, Laser de Alta Potência, Prática ClínicaResumo
A laserterapia tem se consolidado como uma abordagem terapêutica relevante na Odontologia contemporânea, em razão de seus efeitos analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e bioestimuladores, associados à aceleração da reparação tecidual e à redução da morbidade clínica. Essa tecnologia baseia-se na interação controlada da radiação laser com os tecidos biológicos, podendo ser aplicada tanto por meio de lasers de baixa potência, com finalidade terapêutica, quanto por lasers de alta potência, com indicações cirúrgicas específicas, ampliando suas possibilidades de uso na prática odontológica. O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão narrativa da literatura, com o objetivo de abordar os fundamentos biológicos da laserterapia e discutir suas principais aplicações clínicas em diferentes especialidades odontológicas, incluindo implantodontia, periodontia, endodontia, ortodontia, odontopediatria, estomatologia e o manejo das disfunções temporomandibulares. São analisados os mecanismos de ação envolvidos na interação do laser com os tecidos orais, com ênfase nos efeitos celulares mediados pela atividade mitocondrial, especialmente no contexto da laserterapia de baixa potência. Além disso, são discutidos os principais parâmetros técnicos utilizados na aplicação clínica da laserterapia, bem como suas vantagens e limitações. Destaca-se a heterogeneidade dos protocolos descritos na literatura, especialmente no que se refere ao comprimento de onda, densidade de energia e número de sessões, o que reforça a necessidade de padronização e de maior rigor metodológico nos estudos clínicos para garantir previsibilidade e reprodutibilidade dos resultados. Por fim, o artigo ressalta a importância da incorporação da laserterapia à prática odontológica baseada em evidências, considerando a individualização do tratamento e o potencial benefício em pacientes com necessidades específicas, como aqueles portadores de condições sistêmicas. A expansão e consolidação do uso da laserterapia na Odontologia dependem do avanço contínuo da pesquisa científica, da educação continuada dos profissionais e da valorização de tecnologias seguras, eficazes e alinhadas às demandas atuais do cuidado em saúde bucal.
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