UMA ABORDAGEM ALTERNATIVA PARA DEFINIR MELHORAMENTO DE PLANTAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n1-163Palavras-chave:
Ação, Cognição, Emoção, ConceitoResumo
Atualmente, a definição de melhoramento de plantas mais aceita pelos melhoristas descreve que o melhoramento é a arte e a ciência de melhorar a hereditariedade das plantas em benefício da humanidade. De acordo com os defensores desta definição, a arte dependeria da intuição ou discernimento ou da habilidade do melhorista para identificar fenótipos superiores ou ainda da capacidade do melhorista de tomar melhores decisões etc. A ciência do melhoramento de plantas, segundo a definição, implicaria na aplicação dos conhecimentos de várias ciências para que o melhorista possa alcançar seus objetivos. No presente trabalho, propõe- se uma abordagem alternativa para se definir melhoramento de plantas. Considerando-se que as várias ações dos melhoristas para realizar seu trabalho dependem da cognição e da emoção humanas, sugere-se que o melhoramento seja definido como a ciência em que processos cognitivos e emocionais são empregados para modificar o genótipo das plantas de modo a torná-las mais úteis ao homem.
Downloads
Referências
Acquah, G. (2012). Principles of plant genetics and breeding (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Agrawal, R. L. (1998). Fundamentals of plant breeding and hybrid seed production. Science Publishers.
Aizawa, K. (2015). What is this cognition that is supposed to be embodied? Philosophical Psychology, 28(6), 755–775. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2013.875280
Akmal, F., Arifin, Z., Sabiruddin, S., Busral, B., Yuni, S., & Miagustin, V. (2025). The relationship between personality and human behavior. Al-Ashri: Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 10(1), 31–36.
Allport, D. A. (1987). Selection for action: Some behavioral and neurophysiological considerations of attention and action. In H. Heuer & H. F. Sanders (Eds.), Perspectives on perception and action (pp. 395–419). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Asokan, M. M., & Falkner, A. L. (2025). Hormonal regulation of behavioral and emotional persistence: Novel insights from a systems-level approach to neuroendocrinology. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 220, Article 108064. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108064
Aunger, R., Gallyamova, A., & Grigoriev, D. (2025). Network psychometric-based identification and structural analysis of a set of evolved human motives. Personality and Individual Differences, 233, Article 112921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2024.112921
Bishaw, Z., & van Gastel, A. J. G. (2009). Variety release and policy options. In S. Ceccarelli, E. P. Guimarães, & E. Weltzien (Eds.), Plant breeding and farmer participation (pp. 565–587). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Borém, A., Guimarães, E. P., Federizzi, L. C., & Toledo, J. F. F. (2002). From Mendel to genomics, plant breeding milestones: A review. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2(4), 649–658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.v02n04a20
Branchi, I. (2022). Recentering neuroscience on behavior: The interface between brain and environment is a privileged level of control of neural activity. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 138(2), Article 104678. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104678
Carruthers, P., Stich, S., & Siegal, M. (Eds.). (2002). The cognitive basis of science. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613517
Ceccarelli, S. (2009). Main stages of a plant breeding programme. In S. Ceccarelli, E. P. Guimarães, & E. Weltzien (Eds.), Plant breeding and farmer participation (pp. 63–74). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Chahal, G. S., & Gosal, S. S. (2006). Principles and procedures of plant breeding: Biotechnological and conventional approaches. Alpha Science International.
Cherukunnath, D., & Singh, A. P. (2022). Exploring cognitive processes of knowledge acquisition to upgrade academic practices. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 682628. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.682628
Cisek, P., & Kalaska, J. F. (2010). Neural mechanisms for interacting with a world full of action choices. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 33, 269–298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135409
Citron, F. M. M. (2012). Neural correlates of written emotion word processing: A review of recent electrophysiological and hemodynamic neuroimaging studies. Brain & Language, 122(3), 211–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2011.12.007
Cloutier, J., Gabrieli, J. D. E., O’Young, D., & Ambady, N. (2011). An fMRI study of violations of social expectations: When people are not who we expect them to be. NeuroImage, 57(2), 583–588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.051
Coddington, L. T., & Dudman, J. T. (2019). Learning from action: Reconsidering movement signaling in midbrain dopamine neuron activity. Neuron, 104(1), 63–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.036
Cragg, J., Mushtaq, F., Lal, N., Garnham, A., Hallissey, M., Graham, T., & Shiralkar, U. (2021). Surgical cognitive simulation improves real-world surgical performance: Randomized study. BJS Open, 5(3), Article zrab003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrab003
Dahlberg, I. (1978). Teoria do conceito. Ciência da Informação, 7(2), 101–107.
Duvick, D. N. (1996). Plant breeding, an evolutionary concept. Crop Science, 36(3), 539–548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600030001x
Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotions. Science, 164(3875), 86–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3875.86
Eldadi, O., & Tenenbaum, G. (2025). Team cognition (TC) in sport: Foundations, development, and performance implications. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 80, Article 102927. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102927
Elsen, A. van, Gotor, A. A., Vicente, C. di, Traon, D., Gennatas, J., Amat, L., Negri, V., & Chable, V. (2013). Plant breeding for an EU bio-based economy: The potential of public sector and public/private partnerships. In E. R. Cerezo (Ed.), JCR Scientifica and Policy Reports (pp. xx–xx). Publications Office of the European Union. (Nota: páginas específicas não fornecidas no original; ajuste se disponível.)
Engel, B. T., & Schneiderman, N. (1984). Operant conditioning and the modulation of cardiovascular function. Annual Review of Physiology, 46, 199–210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.46.030184.001215
Engel, A. K., Maye, A., Kurthen, M., & König, P. (2013). Where’s the action? The pragmatic turn in cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(5), 202–209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.03.006
Gonal, B., Somveer, Doggalli, G., Kumar, B., Bhushan, S., Surekha, Malathi, G., & Singh, L. (2023). Exploring the future of plant breeding: Advancements and challenges. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 35(24), 49–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i244296
Hallauer, A. R. (2011). Evolution of plant breeding. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 11(3), 197–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-70332011000300001
Hallauer, A. R., Curtiss, C. E., & Pandey, S. (2006). Defining and achieving plant-breeding goals. In K. R. Lamkey & M. Lee (Eds.), Plant breeding: The Arnel R. Hallauer international symposium (pp. 73–89). Blackwell Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470752708.ch4
Heuer, A., & Rolfs, M. (2020). Memory for action: A functional view of selection in visual working memory. Visual Cognition, 28(5–8), 388–400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2020.1764156
Hoemann, K., & Barrett, L. F. (2019). Concepts dissolve artificial boundaries in the study of emotion and cognition, uniting body, brain, and mind. Cognition & Emotion, 33(1), 67–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1535428
Izard, C. E. (2010). The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation. Emotion Review, 2(4), 363–370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910374661
Jarecki, J. B., Tan, J. H., & Jenny, M. A. (2020). A framework for building cognitive process models. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27(6), 1218–1229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01747-2
Jiang, G.-L. (2013). Plant marker-assisted breeding and conventional breeding: Challenges and perspectives. Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 1(3), Article 1000e106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000e106
Jones, P. W., & Cassells, A. C. (1995). Criteria for decision making in crop improvement programmes – Technical considerations. Euphytica, 85, 465–476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0357-2_57
Khilkevich, A., Lohse, M., Low, R., Orsolic, I., Bozic, T., Windmill, P., & Mrsic-Florl, T. D. (2024). Brain-wide dynamics linking sensation to action during decision-making. Nature, 634(8035), 890–900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07908-w
Kiesel, A., Fournier, L. R., Giesen, C. G., Mayr, S., & Frings, C. (2023). Core mechanisms in action control: Binding and retrieval. Journal of Cognition, 6(1), 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.253
Kleinginna, P. R., & Kleinginna, A. M. (1981). A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition. Motivation and Emotion, 5(4), 345–379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992553
Kusmec, A., Zheng, Z., Archontoulis, S., Ganapathysubramanian, B., Hu, G., Wang, L., Yu, J., & Schnable, P. S. (2021). Interdisciplinary strategies to enable data-driven plant breeding in a changing climate. One Earth, 4(3), 372–383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.02.005
Lindquist, K. A., Jackson, J. C., Leshin, J., Satpute, A. B., & Gendron, M. (2022). The cultural evolution of emotion. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1, 669–681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00105-4
Liu, Y., Nie, L., Liu, L., & Rosenblum, D. S. (2016). From action to activity: Sensor-based activity recognition. Neurocomputing, 181, 108–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.08.096
Logie, R. (2018). Human cognition: Common principles and individual variation. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 7(4), 471–486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.08.001
Marano, G., Kotzalidis, G. D., Lisci, F. M., Anesini, M. B., Rossi, S., Barbonetti, S., Cangini, A., Ronsisvalle, A., Artuso, L., Falsini, C., Caso, R., Mandracchia, G., Brisi, C., Traversi, G., Mazza, O., Pola, R., Sani, G., Mercuri, E. M., Gaetani, E., & Mazza, M. (2025). The neuroscience behind writing: Handwriting vs. typing—who wins the battle? Life, 15(3), Article 345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030345
Martins, A. P. G. (2016). A review of important cognitive concepts in aviation. Aviation, 20(2), 65–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2016.1196559
Michel, S., Loschenberger, F., Ametz, C., Bistrich, H., & Burstmayr, H. (2025). Predicting plant breeder decisions across multiple selection stages in a wheat breeding program. Crops, 5(5), 69–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/crops5050069
Miller, W. B., Jr. (2023). Cognition-based evolution: Natural cellular engineering and the intelligent cell. Taylor & Francis/CRC Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003286769
Mobayed, T. (2024). A concept in flux and starved of the metaphysical: Desecularizing emotion. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1373443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1373443
Nersessian, N. J. (2024). How do scientists think? Contributions toward a cognitive science of science. Topics in Cognitive Science, 17(1), 1–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12777
Newen, A. (2015). What are cognitive processes? An example-based approach. Synthese, 194(11), 4251–4268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0812-3
Okon-Singer, H., Hendler, T., Pessoa, L., & Shackman, A. J. (2015). The neurobiology of emotion–cognition interactions: Fundamental questions and strategies for future research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, Article 58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00058
Olschewski, S., Luckman, A., Mason, A., Ludvig, E. A., & Konstantinidis, E. (2024). The future of decisions from experience: Connecting real-world decision problems to cognitive processes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 19(1), 82–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231179138
Pereira, M. G., Oliveira, L., Erthal, F. S., Joffily, M., Mocaiber, I. F., Volchan, E., & Pessoa, L. (2010). Emotion affects action: Midcingulate cortex as a pivotal node of interaction between negative emotion and motor signals. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(1), 94–106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.10.1.94
Pereira, M. G., Volchan, E., Souza, G. G. L., Oliveira, L., Campagnoli, R. R., Pinheiro, W. M., & Pessoa, L. (2006). Sustained and transient modulation of performance induced by emotional picture viewing. Emotion, 6(4), 622–634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.622
Pessoa, L. (2018). Embracing integration and complexity: Placing emotion within a science of brain and behaviour. Cognition & Emotion, 33(1), 55–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1520079
Pessoa, L. (2019). Neural dynamics of emotion and cognition: From trajectories to underlying neural geometry. Neural Networks, 120, 158–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2019.08.007
Pessoa, L., Padmala, S., Kenzer, A., & Bauer, A. (2012). Interactions between cognition and emotion during response inhibition. Emotion, 12(1), 192–197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024109
Pickersgill, J. W., Turco, C. V., Ramdeo, K., Rehsi, R. S., Foglia, S. D., & Nelson, A. J. (2022). The combined influences of exercise, diet and sleep on neuroplasticity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 831819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831819
Plutchik, R. (2003). Emotions and life: Perspectives from psychology, biology, and evolution. American Psychological Association.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2016). Recommendations for creating better concept definitions in the organizational, behavioral, and social sciences. Organizational Research Methods, 19(2), 159–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115624965
Ramalho, M. A. P., Gonçalves, F. M. A., Techio, V. H., & Souza, L. C. de. (2025). Advances in genetics and plant breeding 160 years after the publication of Mendel's research. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 25(2), Article e521725212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332025v25n2a27
Riemann, B. L., & Lephart, S. M. (2002). The sensorimotor system, part I: The physiologic basis of functional joint stability. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(1), 71–79.
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001). Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(9), 661–670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35090060
Rolison, M. J., Naples, A. J., Rutherford, J. V., & McPartland, J. C. (2020). The presence of another person influences oscillatory cortical dynamics during dual brain EEG recording. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, Article 246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00246
Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A. (1977). Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. Journal of Research in Personality, 11(3), 273–294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(77)90037-X
Saltapidas, H., & Ponsford, J. (2008). The influence of cultural background on experiences and beliefs about traumatic brain injury and their association with outcome. Brain Impairment, 9(1), 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1375/brim.9.1.1
Sarmiento Rivera, L. F., & Gouveia, A. (2022). Neurotransmitters and hormones in human decision-making. In P. Á. Gargiulo & H. L. Mesones Arroyo (Eds.), Psychiatry and neuroscience update (pp. 149–167). Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61721-9_15
Schnell, F. W. (1982). Synoptic study of methods and categories of plant breeding. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung (Journal of Plant Breeding), 89(1), 1–18.
Shahsavaran, A. M., & Abadi, E. A. M. (2015). The bases, principles, and methods of decision-making: A review of literature. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 2(1), 214–225.
Shi, Z. (2021). Introduction. In Z. Shi, Intelligence science: Leading the age of intelligence (pp. 1–31). Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85380-4.00001-4
Sleper, D. A., & Poehlman, J. M. (2006). Breeding field crops (5th ed.). Blackwell Publishing.
Sol, D., Bateman-Neubert, A., Noguer, L., & Taylor, A. H. (2025). The evolutionary puzzle of cognition: Challenges and insights from individual-based studies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 380(1929), Article 20240123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0123
Stiegler, M. P., & Tung, A. (2014). Cognitive processes in anesthesiology decision-making. Anesthesiology, 120(1), 204–217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000000073
Storbeck, J., & Clore, G. L. (2007). On the interdependence of cognition and emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 21(6), 1212–1237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701438020
Sun, X., Peng, T., & Mumm, R. H. (2011). The role and basics of computer simulation in support of critical decisions in plant breeding. Molecular Breeding, 28(4), 421–436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-011-9630-6
Umegaki, H., Sakurai, T., & Arai, H. (2021). Active life for brain health: A narrative review of the mechanism underlying the protective effects of physical activity on the brain. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13, Article 761674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.761674
Vance, D. E., Bail, J., Enah, C. C., Palmer, J. J., & Hoenig, A. K. (2016). The impact of employment on cognition and cognitive reserve: Implications across diseases and aging. Nursing: Research and Reviews, 6, 61–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S115625
Vencovsky, R., Ramalho, M. A. P., & Toledo, F. H. R. B. (2012). Contribution and perspectives of quantitative genetics to plant breeding in Brazil. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, S2, 7–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-70332012000500002
Wahlsten, D. (2019). Genes, brain function, and behavior: What genes do, how they malfunction, and ways to repair damage. Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812832-9.00002-6
Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2006). Cognitive informatics models of the brain. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics – Part C: Applications and Reviews, 36(2), 203–207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2006.871151
Weidman, J., & Baker, K. (2015). The cognitive science of learning: Concepts and strategies for the educator and learner. Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 121(6), 1586–1599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000000890
Weltzien, E., & Christinck, A. (2009). Methodologies for priority setting. In S. Ceccarelli, E. P. Guimarães, & E. Weltzien (Eds.), Plant breeding and farmer participation (pp. 75–105). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Wenke, D., Waszak, F., & Haggard, P. (2009). Action selection and action awareness. Psychological Research, 73(4), 602–612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-009-0240-4
Wong, C. L., Chu, H.-E., & Yap, K. C. (2020). A framework for defining scientific concepts in science education. Asia-Pacific Science Education, 6(2), 615–644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/23641177-BJA10010
Wurm, M. F., & Erişug, D. Y. (2024). Decoding the physics of observed actions in the human brain. eLife, 13, Article RP98521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.98521
Zhou, Y., Song, H., & Ming, G.-L. (2024). Genetics of human brain development. Nature Reviews Genetics, 25(1), 26–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-023-00626-5
Zinchenko, O., & Arsalidou, M. (2018). Brain responses to social norms: Meta-analyses of fMRI studies. Human Brain Mapping, 39, 955–970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23895
