MODULAÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE DOENÇAS INFLAMATÓRIAS INTESTINAIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n12-209Palavras-chave:
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais, Microbiota, Fatores Ambientais, Tratamento, Segurança Hídrica e AlimentarResumo
A microbiota intestinal representa uma extensão funcional do genoma do hospedeiro, fornecendo enzimas e proteínas não codificadas por ele, essenciais para o metabolismo e a regulação fisiológica. A disbiose e a consequente ruptura da barreira intestinal são fatores determinantes no início e na progressão das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), como a doença de Crohn (DC) e a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU). Além das terapias convencionais, a modulação da microbiota intestinal tem emergido como estratégia promissora no manejo dessas doenças. No entanto, sua eficácia depende de uma compreensão aprofundada dos mecanismos subjacentes, bem como de seus potenciais riscos e benefícios terapêuticos. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre intervenções direcionadas à microbiota em pacientes adultos com DC e RCU. Foram analisados vinte e um estudos, sendo seis focados em DC e 15 em RCU. As intervenções incluíram transplante de microbiota fecal (TMF), probióticos, frações derivadas de probióticos, prebióticos, simbióticos e dietas à base de plantas. O TMF foi a estratégia mais frequentemente relatada. Os desfechos mais frequentemente relatados foram remissão clínica e redução dos sintomas, com efeitos adversos leves e bem tolerados. Em geral, a modulação da microbiota esteve associada a aumento de gêneros bacterianos benéficos, níveis mais elevados de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e redução de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Em síntese, a modulação da microbiota intestinal contribui para a restauração da integridade da mucosa intestinal, a correção da disbiose e a atenuação da inflamação intestinal, configurando-se como estratégia terapêutica viável e potencialmente eficaz para a prevenção e manejo das DIIs, espcialmente da DC e RCU.
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