EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACCIÓN INHIBITORIA DEL CLORHIDRATO DE QUITOSANO SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ASPERGILLUS SP. Y AFLATOXINAS IN VITRO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n3-040Palabras clave:
Aspergillus, Aflatoxinas, QuitosanoResumen
Introducción: La contaminación fúngica es un problema que compromete la calidad de los alimentos y representa riesgos para la salud humana. Los hongos del género Aspergillus son los principales contaminantes y productores de aflatoxinas (AF). Las AF son metabolitos secundarios químicamente estables, termorresistentes y altamente tóxicos. Desde esta perspectiva, el uso de compuestos naturales capaces de prevenir estos problemas surge como una alternativa prometedora. Objetivo: En este trabajo, se evaluó el potencial del clorhidrato de quitosano (CQ) con acción antifúngica e inhibidora de AF. Métodos: Se realizaron experimentos in vitro mediante la técnica de microdilución para evaluar la viabilidad celular, así como experimentos in vitro en medios de cultivo de agar Aspergillus flavus y Parasiticus (AFPA) y agar leche de coco (LCA) para evaluar la producción de AF. Resultados: En las pruebas in vitro, los tratamientos con CQ inhibieron el crecimiento fúngico (p>0,05) en los medios AFPA y LCA. Se observaron cambios macroscópicos en la estructura fúngica. Si bien el micelio mantuvo su crecimiento esférico, presentó un centro elevado, lo que indica separación del medio de cultivo en todas las placas tratadas. También se observaron cambios en la coloración de las colonias en los grupos de prueba en comparación con el control, pasando de verde opaco a marrón a partir del tercer día de evaluación. También se observó inhibición de la producción de AF en todos los medios de cultivo analizados. Conclusión: El CQ mostró resultados satisfactorios y se espera que su acción pueda potenciarse mediante la sinergia con otros compuestos antifúngicos, lo que representa un potencial campo de estudio para futuras investigaciones.
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