RIESGO METABÓLICO EN ADULTOS JÓVENES: PERFIL CLÍNICO, ANTECEDENTES FAMILIARES Y ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE CASTANHAL, PA, BRASIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n1-046Palabras clave:
Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles, Enfermedades Metabólicas, Estilo de Vida, Factores de RiesgoResumen
Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial, presentan un carácter multifactorial y un curso frecuentemente asintomático, lo que dificulta el diagnóstico precoz, especialmente en poblaciones jóvenes. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo trazar el panorama clínico y conductual de adultos jóvenes, con énfasis en la presencia de enfermedades metabólicas y en los antecedentes familiares asociados. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado mediante un cuestionario en línea, que incluyó a 355 individuos residentes en el municipio de Castanhal, PA, Brasil. Los resultados mostraron una baja prevalencia de enfermedades metabólicas diagnosticadas; sin embargo, se observó una elevada frecuencia de antecedentes familiares positivos de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, además de comportamientos de riesgo relevantes, como sedentarismo, obesidad, mala calidad del sueño, ingesta hídrica irregular e indicadores sugestivos de un funcionamiento intestinal deficiente. Se concluye que, a pesar de la ausencia de diagnóstico clínico en la mayoría de los participantes, el conjunto de factores conductuales y genéticos identificados apunta a un riesgo metabólico futuro, reforzando la importancia de estrategias preventivas y acciones de promoción de la salud dirigidas a la población joven.
Descargas
Referencias
AFSHAR S, RODERICK PJ, KOWAL P, DIMITROV BD, HILL AG. Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys. BMC Public Health, 2015.
ALSHEHRI, A.A.; ALQAHTANI, S.; ALDAJANI, R.; ALSHARABI, B.; ALZAHRANI, W.; ALGUTHAMI, G.; KHAWAGI, W.Y.; ARIDA, H. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dietary Supplement Use in Western Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients, 17, 1233, 2025.
AFAM, G; NAKALEGA, A, P. Hypertension risk perception among young adults in Victoria University Kampala Uganda. International Journal of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention, v.21, p.200327, 2024.
BARROSO et al. Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial. Arquivo Brasileiro de Cardiologia, v. 116, n. 3, p. 516-618. 2021.
CHENG, R. et al. A randomized controlled trial for response of microbiome network to exercise and diet intervention in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nature Commun, v. 13, n. 1. 2022.
CASTILLO-GARCÍA, A; VALENZUELA, P, L; SACO-LEDO, G; CARRERA-BASTOS, P; RUILOPE, L, M, SANTOS-LOZANO, A; LUCIA, A. Lifestyle and cardiovascular risk in working young adults: insights from a nationwide Spanish cohort. Revista Española de Cardiología ,Volume 77, Issue 10,2024
GALLORDO-ALFARO, L. et al. Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients, v. 12, n. 4. 2020.
GUEVARA-CRUZ, M. et al. Improvement of Lipoprotein Profile and Metabolic Endotoxemia by a Lifestyle Intervention That Modifies the Gut Microbiota in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of the American Heart Association, v. 8, n. 17. 2019.
GALE E,L; WILLIAMS A,J; CECIL J,E. Pre-sleep screen time and screen time addiction as shared determinants of poor sleep and obesity in adolescents aged 11-14 years in Scotland. BMC Glob Public Health. 2025 May 7;3(1):42.
HUAQUIÁ-DIÁZ A,M; CHALÁN-DÁVILA T,S; CARRILLO-LARCO R,M, BERNABE-ORTIZ, A. Multimorbidity in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta -analysis. BMJ Open, 2021.
HASAIN, Z. et al. The Roles of Probiotics in the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Outcomes in Asymptomatic Post-Gestational Diabetes Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, v. 14, n. 18. 2022.
HERNÁNDEZ-MONTOLIU, L. et al. A specific gut microbiota signature is associated with an enhanced GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion and improved metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Front Endocrinol. 2023.
JÜRISSON, M; PISAREV, H; UUSKÜLA, A; LANG, K; OONA, M; KALDA, R. Prevalence of chronic conditions and multimorbidity in Estonia: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 2021
JEROME, G. J. et al. Physical Activity Levels and Screen Time among Youth with Overweight/Obesity Using Mental Health Services. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 19, n. 4. 2022.
JÚNIOR, A. do C. S. et al. Conception of Hypertense and Diabetic People About the Impacts of Metabolic Syndrome on Their Health. Revista Salud Pública, v. 23, n. 6. 2021.
JOHNSTONE, A. et al. Nondigestible Carbohydrates Affect Metabolic Health and Gut Microbiota in Overweight Adults after Weight Loss. The Journal of Nutrition, v. 150, n. 7, p. 1859-1870. 2020.
KAHLEOVA, H. et al. Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients, v. 12, n. 10. 2020. KIM, MI-H. et al. Gut microbiota and metabolic health among overweight and obese individuals. Nature, v. 10, n. 19417. 2020.
KIM, MI-H. et al. Gut microbiota and metabolic health among overweight and obese individuals. Nature, v. 10, n. 19417. 2020.
KOPONEN, K., et al. Associations of alcohol with the human gut microbiome and prospective health outcomes in the FINRISK 2002 cohort. Eur J Nutr 64, 153, 2025.
LAUE, C. et al. Effect of a Probiotic and a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass, Body Weight and Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Abdominal Overweight: A Human, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study. Nutrients, v. 5, n. 13. 2023.
LAUW, S. et al. Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Gut Microbial Profile among Overweight and Obese Hong Kong Chinese Individuals: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients, v. 15, n. 19. 2023.
LIMA, T. L de; WESCHENFELDER, S. Benefícios dos probióticos para a microbiota intestinal e sua adição em derivados lácteos e suplementos. Revista Institucional Laticínios Cândido Tostes, v. 74, n. 1, p. 51-59. 2019.
MOTIANI, K. K. et al. Exercise Training Modulates Gut Microbiota Profile and Improves Endotoxemia. Med Sci Sports Exercise, v. 52, n. 1, p. 94-104. 2020.
MURALIDHARAN, J. et al. Effect on gut microbiota of a 1-y lifestyle intervention with Mediterranean diet compared with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion: PREDIMED- Plus Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v. 114, n. 3, 2021.
NILSON, E. A. F. et al. Strategies to reduce the consumption of nutrients critical to health: the case of sodium. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 37, n.1, 2021. RANAVIO, H. et al. Increasing the diversity of dietary fibers in a daily-consumed bread modifies gut microbiota and metabolic profile in subjects at cardiometabolic risk. Gut microbes, v. 14, n. 1, 2022.
PUTH M,T; WECKBECKER K; SCHMID M; MÜNSTER, E. Prevalence of multimorbidity in Germany: Impact of age and educational level in a cross-sectional study on 19,294 adults. BMC Public Health, 2017.
PASSOS, A. F. F. et al.. Associações entre Obesidade Eutrófica e Alterações no Perfil Lipídico de Adultos Jovens. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, v. 120, n. 9, p. e20220914, 2023.
REN, M. et al. An Almond-Based Low Carbohydrate Diet Improves Depression and Glycometabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes through Modulating Gut Microbiota and GLP-1: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, v. 12, n. 3036, 2020.
SBD, Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2019-2020, Clannad, 2020.
SOUZA D,L,B; OLIVERAS-FABREGAS, A; ESPELT, A; BOSQUE-PROUS, M; CANCELA M,C; TEIXIDÓ-COMPAÑÓ, E; JEREZ-ROIG, J . Multimorbidity and its associated factors among adults aged 50 and over: a cross-sectional study in 17 European countries. PLoS One, 2021.
SANTOS, I. S. C. et al.. Educational Intervention in Quality of Life and Knowledge of Metabolic Syndrome. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, v.35, 2022.
SCHWARTZENBERG, R. J. von. et al. Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance. Nature, v. 595, n. 7866, p. 272-277. 2021. SBD, Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2019-2020.
SHOER, S. et al. Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines. Nature Commun, v. 14, n. 1. 2023.
STRASSER, B. et al. The Effects of Lifestyle and Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition, Inflammation and Muscle Performance in Our Aging Society. Nutrients, v. 13, n. 2045. 2021.
SUN, K. et al. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes: a two-sample Mendelian randomized study. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023.
SILVEIRA, A,D,S; SANTOS, J,E,M; CANCELA, M,C;SOUZA, D,L,B. de. Estimativa de multimorbidade em jovens brasileiros: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v.28, n. 9, p. 2699-2708, 2023.
TSAI, H-J. et al. Gut Microbiota and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients, v. 13, n. 2679. 2021.
WASTYK, H, C. et al. Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status. Cell, v. 184, n. 16, p. 4137-53. 2021.
TAN D, S; WANG, X; ZHAO, X; ZHAO, A. The association between the knowledge, perception, and practice of dietary supplement among Chinese adults . Frontiers in Nutrition, v. 11, 2024
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Physical activity. Who, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/physical-activity.
YILDIZ, B; SCHURING, M; KNOEF M,G; BURDORF, A. Chronic diseases and multimorbidity among unemployed and employed persons in the Netherlands: a register-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 2020.
YANG J. et al. Cardiometabolic benefits of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 8700:2: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition, v. 42, n. 9, 2023.2.
YU, Z., et al.. Exploring the association between cardiovascular health and bowel health. Sci Rep 14, 11819, 2024.
