ENFERMEDADES PROFESIONALES EN TRABAJADORES DE LA INDUSTRIA PROCESADORA DE PESCADO: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n12-051Palabras clave:
Industria Pesquera, Procesamiento de Pescado, Enfermedades Profesionales, Enfermedades Laborales, Riesgos LaboralesResumen
La evolución de la industria pesquera, con innovaciones tecnológicas y cambios organizacionales, contrasta con la información sobre los problemas de salud que pueden afectar a los trabajadores. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las principales enfermedades profesionales en el sector productivo de la industria pesquera. Para ello, se realizó una revisión integrativa, recopilando información de Lilacs, Medline/PubMed, SciELO, CINAHL, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Web of Science. La pregunta guía fue: ¿cuáles son las principales enfermedades que afectan a los trabajadores del sector productivo de la industria pesquera? Se seleccionaron 41 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, y para su análisis, los resultados y la discusión se presentaron de forma descriptiva, con las enfermedades agrupadas en grandes conjuntos. Los estudios abarcaban desde informes de síntomas y quejas de salud hasta el diagnóstico de enfermedades profesionales. Se identificó que los trabajadores se ven afectados por diversos problemas de salud, como enfermedades respiratorias y oculares, trastornos musculoesqueléticos, dermatosis, lesiones y enfermedades menos documentadas, como pérdida auditiva, hipotermia, hernia y síndrome de Raynaud. Se evidenció que los informes de síntomas respiratorios y molestias musculoesqueléticas fueron los más frecuentes en los hallazgos. Se concluye que los trabajadores están expuestos a diferentes agentes de riesgo en la industria y que aún existen pocos estudios sobre las condiciones ambientales y organizacionales, así como sobre las enfermedades de los trabajadores involucrados en este sector productivo. Se destaca la importancia de ampliar la investigación, así como las políticas de prevención para proteger la salud de los trabajadores.
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