SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME: PATHOGENESIS, ORAL MANIFESTATIONS, AND DENTAL MANAGEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n8-077Keywords:
Sjögren’s Syndrome, Pathology, DentistryAbstract
Methodology: This study is a narrative literature review. A comprehensive search of multiple online databases was conducted to identify relevant literature. The databases used included EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as "Sjögren's Syndrome," "Pathology," and "Dentistry" were utilized, in combination with Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" to refine the search. The selection process was conducted in three phases: (1) all retrieved records were exported to the Zotero reference manager to eliminate duplicates; (2) titles and abstracts were screened to exclude unrelated studies; (3) full-text reading was performed to assess the final eligibility of the articles based on relevance to the review objective.
Results: The selected studies highlighted the complex etiology of Sjögren’s Syndrome, which involves autoimmune mechanisms leading to lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands. Common oral manifestations include xerostomia (dry mouth), dental caries, mucosal inflammation, candidiasis, and difficulties in mastication and speech. The reviewed literature also discussed diagnostic challenges and emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary care. Therapeutic options ranged from symptom management with saliva substitutes and systemic immunomodulatory agents to interventional therapies such as sialendoscopy and newer biologic drugs under investigation.
Conclusion: Sjögren’s Syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease with significant oral health implications. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are essential to manage its systemic and oral manifestations effectively. Although current treatments focus primarily on symptom relief, ongoing research into immunomodulatory and biologic therapies holds promise for more targeted and effective management in the future.
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