NICOTINE ADDICTION BETWEEN BARS: NEUROSCIENCE, LAW AND CONTROL IN THE PRISON SYSTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n8-102Keywords:
Nicotine Dependence, Abstinence, Neurobiology, Prison SystemAbstract
Smoking represents a serious public health problem, affecting approximately 27 million Brazilian adults, with the highest incidence among those aged 20 to 49. Nicotine, the main psychoactive substance present in cigarettes, is responsible for chemical dependence and acts on cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system, stimulating the release of dopamine. This activation positively reinforces smoking, a process similar to that observed with other drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and alcohol. Studies show that it has moderate euphoric potential and triggers reinforcing effects that contribute to the maintenance of continued use. The mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system, particularly the nucleus accumbens and structures associated with the reward circuit, is directly involved in the mechanisms of addiction. As a study that proposes to investigate the prohibition—the abrupt cessation of nicotine use in prison systems—this study aims to review the behavioral, neurological, and physiological bases of nicotine dependence, with an emphasis on the implications of forced abstinence in prison settings, since the enactment of Federal Law No. 9,294/1996 and State Law No. 18,552/2009, which prohibit smoking in prisons. This highlights the importance of scientific knowledge for the development of more effective and humane therapeutic strategies and public policies, since, in addition to psychological dependence, cessation of consumption can trigger withdrawal symptoms, characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances, increased appetite, depression, and reduced motivation.
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