POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT ORAL LESIONS IN VULNERABLE POPULATIONS IN PRIMARY CARE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

Potentially malignant oral lesions (PMBL) represent a group of clinical alterations with a high risk of developing into cancer, especially among socially vulnerable populations. Early recognition of these lesions is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality from oral cancer, and primary health care (PHC) is the ideal setting for timely detection. However, the lack of organized referral channels, the scarcity of standardized protocols, and the low training of oral health professionals hinder timely diagnosis. This study aims to conduct a critical review of the literature on the identification and management of PMBL in vulnerable populations within the PHC setting, highlighting the main challenges faced. The analysis of the studies reveals that, despite national and international guidelines, structural, social, and educational barriers persist that compromise comprehensive care. It is concluded that it is essential to strengthen the role of dentists in PHC, integrating educational practices, active surveillance, and prompt referral to specialized services, with a focus on health equity.