DRINKABILITY OF GROUNDWATER IN ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS IN THE INTERIOR OF MARANHÃO: CASE STUDY IN CODÓ-MA

Abstract

The quality of water intended for human consumption is one of the main determinants of public health, especially in rural communities with limited access to basic sanitation. This study evaluated the potability of water from three types of wells (cacimba, artesian, and cacimbão) located in the village of Matões dos Moreiras, in the municipality of Codó, Maranhão. Physical-chemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were performed based on the parameters established by Ordinance GM/MS No. 888/2021. The results revealed multiple non-conformities in relation to the maximum permitted values for various parameters, such as total hardness, turbidity, apparent color, presence of chromium, iron, and absence of residual chlorine. The microbiological analysis indicated the presence of total coliforms in all samples and the detection of Escherichia coli in two of the three wells evaluated, indicating recent fecal contamination and compromising the sanitary safety of the water. The sensory characterization also revealed odors outside the acceptability standards, especially in the cacimbão-type well, with averages above the permitted limit. The presence of sulfur compounds, iron, and manganese may explain some of the odors detected. These results highlight the health vulnerability of the groundwater sources used by the local population and point to the need for structural interventions, continuous disinfection, and regular monitoring of water quality. The study reinforces the importance of public policies aimed at community water management, basic sanitation, and equitable access to drinking water in rural areas, contributing to the reduction of water risks and the promotion of environmental health.