PUBLIC POLICIES FOR COLLECTIVE HEALTH: STRATEGIES TO REDUCE INEQUALITIES AND PROMOTE EQUITY IN ACCESS TO AND QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE

Abstract

This study aimed to examine public policies for public health and strategies aimed at reducing inequalities and promoting equity in access to and quality of health services. Through an integrative literature review, eight articles published between 2014 and 2024, selected from the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, were analyzed, using terms related to health equity, public policies, and social determinants. The information was organized into thematic categories that include primary care, social determinants of health, regionalization and intersectoriality. The findings indicate that primary care, particularly through the Family Health Strategy, plays a vital role in expanding access to health services. However, it faces significant challenges due to a lack of adequate funding and austerity policies. The social determinants of health, such as housing, basic sanitation, and education, are considered essential elements to promote equity, although intersectoral initiatives often face barriers to good articulation. Regionalization stands out as a promising approach to mitigate regional inequalities, but it still needs resources and technical capacity to adequately meet local demands. In addition, issues related to gender and race inequalities highlight the urgency of implementing more inclusive policies. It is concluded that, although advances have been achieved, the effectiveness of public policies is limited by structural, financial and institutional barriers. The strengthening of existing policies, through consistent investments and greater integration between sectors, is essential to consolidate fairer and more equitable health systems, aligned with the needs of the population.