BIOFILMS IN DERMAL FILLERS: FROM MICROBIOLOGY TO CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n5-064Keywords:
Hyaluronic Acid, Biofilms, ComplicationsAbstract
Introduction: Hyaluronic acid is the gold standard material in facial rejuvenation; however, the increase in late complications related to biofilms represents a significant clinical challenge. Objective: To analyze the risk factors, diagnosis, and management of biofilms in dermal fillers, describing their pathophysiology and compiling effective clinical protocols. Methodology: This was an integrative literature review, conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles published between 2021 and 2026 were selected. Results: It was identified that the formation of biofilms by pathogens such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes is the underlying cause of late nodules. High-frequency ultrasound diagnosis and multimodal treatment with high doses of hyaluronidase and combined antibiotic therapy (macrolides and quinolones) proved to be the most effective strategies. Conclusion: The study confirms the hypothesis that proper management requires enzymatic dissolution of the filler to disrupt the polymeric matrix. The biomedical professional's role is fundamental in applying rigorous aseptic protocols and in early diagnosis to avoid permanent sequelae and psychosocial impacts on patients.
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References
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