CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: COMPOSTABILITY, BIODEGRADATION AND INNOVATION IN BIOPOLYMERS AND RENEWABLE COMPOSITES FOR STRUCTURAL, AGRICULTURAL AND PACKAGING APPLICATIONS

Abstract

In recent decades, the intensification of the environmental crisis and the growing generation of plastic waste have stimulated global debates on the need for more sustainable production models. In this context, the circular economy emerges as an approach capable of redefining the relationships between production, consumption, and material reuse, prioritizing closed resource cycles and the reduction of environmental impacts. At the same time, the development of biopolymers and renewable composites has expanded technological possibilities for replacing materials derived from fossil sources, particularly in sectors such as packaging, agriculture, and structural applications. These innovations, grounded in the principles of biodegradation and compostability, contribute to the transition toward more sustainable and environmentally responsible production systems. In light of this scenario, the present article analyzes the potential of biopolymers and renewable composites, with emphasis on their compostability, biodegradation, and technological performance within the framework of the circular economy and sustainable development. The study is guided by the following research question: how can innovation in renewable biopolymers and composites contribute to the replacement of conventional materials and to the consolidation of production chains aligned with the principles of the circular economy in structural, agricultural, and packaging applications? The theoretical framework draws on the works of Allenby (2010), Allwood (2015), Ashby (2005; 2021), Avérous (2011), Ayres (2002), Baillie (2005), Braungart (2010), Browne (2015), Cullen (2015), Fakirov (2015), Graedel (2010), Grant (2009), Horne (2009), Kalia (2011), Lacy (2020), Long (2020), Marsh (1885), McDonough (2010), McKinnon (2015), Müssig (2010), Spindler (2020), Stahel (2006; 2019), Stevens (2002), among others. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach (Minayo, 2007), with descriptive and bibliographic characteristics (Gil, 2008), and an analytical-comprehensive perspective (Weber, 1949). The results indicate that biopolymers and renewable composites present significant potential to replace polymers derived from fossil resources in sectors such as packaging, agriculture, and materials engineering. The incorporation of natural fibers into biodegradable matrices improves the mechanical performance of these materials, expanding their industrial applications. In agriculture and packaging, biomaterials contribute to reducing plastic waste and increasing resource-use efficiency. However, the expansion of these solutions depends on technological advances, industrial investments, and adequate infrastructure for the management of biodegradable waste.