THE FOOD SELECTIVITY OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ENROLLED IN NATEA CAETÉS

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is understood as a neurological disorder characterized by behavioral heterogeneity, affective blunting and stereotyped behaviors. Objective: To understand the eating habits of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and what are the main foods and restriction regarding the child's diet. Methodology: It is an observational, cross-sectional study, with a qualitative descriptive approach, since the objective is to observe and deepen the food selectivity of autistic children. The target population will be the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder registered in NATEA in the municipality of Capanema. Results: The sample consisted of 42 participants, of which 85.71% were male, reflecting the male predominance often observed in ASD diagnoses. The most represented age group was from 5 to 12 years old (61.90%), and most participants identified themselves as brown (85.72%). Regarding the diagnosis, 64.29% of the children were diagnosed between 1 and 5 years of age, and the levels of support varied between mild (33.33%), moderate (40.48%) and intense (26.19%) support. Regarding food, 80.49% of the children showed food selectivity, with a greater preference for carbohydrates and sweets, and low acceptance of vegetables and fats. Meal times were challenging for caregivers, with 70.97% reporting greater difficulty in starting meals, suggesting initial resistance to food engagement. In addition, 80% of participants reported difficulties with food consistency, highlighting the importance of tailored nutritional interventions. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for integrated strategies to improve food acceptance and provide emotional support to caregivers. It is concluded that the demographic profile, associated with food selectivity and socioeconomic difficulties, reinforces the importance of multidisciplinary support programs to promote a balanced diet and well-being for this population.