HISTORICAL CITIZENSHIP IN A FUZZY PERSPECTIVE: A THEORETICAL READING BASED ON SECONDARY DATA

Abstract

Citizenship, as both concept and practice, is a historically constructed and complex phenomenon that demands analytical approaches capable of capturing its procedural, graduated, and mutable dimensions. Far from being a fixed attribute, citizenship emerges from political struggles, historical exclusions, and institutional mediations that define diverse degrees of social belonging. This article offers a theoretical reading of historical citizenship through the lens of fuzzy logic, grounded in a critical and interdisciplinary framework. It draws on key authors such as T.H. Marshall, Jürgen Habermas, Hannah Arendt, and Boaventura de Sousa Santos to discuss how fuzzy modeling enables the representation of social phenomena that are continuous, imprecise, and resistant to binary classification. The analysis is based on secondary data concerning access to justice and social vulnerability, demonstrating the value of fuzzy logic in identifying intermediate conditions and contexts of interrupted citizenship. By articulating critical theory and methodological innovation, this study contributes to more nuanced and socially engaged interpretations of citizenship in structurally unequal societies.