AQUAPONICS: A TECHNOLOGICAL OPTION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOCANTINA REGION

Abstract

Aquaponics is a sustainable system that integrates fish farming (aquaculture) and soilless plant cultivation (hydroponics), promoting a symbiotic cycle where fish waste nourishes the plants, which in turn purify the water. This study evaluated the technical and socio-environmental feasibility of aquaponics in small spaces, using a system installed in the Experimental Nursery of UEMASUL (Maranhão), with an area of ​​140 m² and shade cloth coverage (50%). The system consisted of a 500 L tank for raising tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and hydroponic benches for vegetables, using recirculated rainwater after three-stage filtration. The results showed satisfactory growth of tilapia (10–18 cm in 90 days) and vigorous development of plants, proving the efficiency of nutrient cycling. The pH of the water remained stable (average of 7.0), suitable for both crops. Despite the success, challenges such as excessive solar radiation in the first few days caused thermal stress, indicating the need for adjustments in shading (suggested 70%). The system demonstrated low operational costs, water efficiency and educational potential, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 4, 6, 11 and 12). It is concluded that aquaponics is a viable alternative for food production in urban, rural and school contexts, combining food security, sustainability and environmental education, with opportunities for optimization in future studies.