ANALYSIS OF RISKS AND BENEFITS IN THE PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF OBESITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a global public health problem characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, associated with several comorbidities. Its treatment includes multidisciplinary approaches, including the use of drugs that help control weight. However, these drugs have different levels of effectiveness and potential adverse effects. Objective: This study aims to analyze the main pharmacological treatments used for obesity, its side effects, and the recurrence of weight gain after medication discontinuation. Methodology: This is a systematic review of the literature based on scientific articles published in the last five years. The sources used include databases such as Google Scholar, Latindex and SciELO. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select relevant studies on the subject, ensuring the timeliness and reliability of the information. Results and discussion: GLP-1 receptor agonists, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonists stand out among the most prescribed drugs. Despite their effectiveness in reducing weight, many of these drugs have adverse effects, such as nausea, cardiovascular risk, and psychiatric impact. In addition, it was observed that discontinuation of the use of these drugs often results in the regain of lost weight, indicating the need for complementary strategies to maintain weight loss. Final considerations: Pharmacological treatment of obesity can be an effective alternative for certain patient profiles, but it presents challenges such as side effects and a high rate of recurrence of weight gain after discontinuation of medication. Thus, it is recommended that the use of these drugs is always accompanied by dietary re-education and psychological support, ensuring better long-term results.