THE CHALLENGES OF INDIGENOUS EDUCATION AS A MODALITY OF BASIC EDUCATION

Abstract

This article aims to address the challenges for the effectiveness of indigenous school education, as a modality of basic education, a right prescribed in the legislation. To this end, it was based on bibliographic and documentary research, with qualitative analysis of academic texts, books, and legislation related to indigenous education in Brazil. The investigation covers historical evolution, legislative advances, and structural and pedagogical difficulties, such as the lack of adequate infrastructure, shortage of trained teachers, and absence of specific teaching materials. The results show that, despite progress in legislation, such as the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of 1996, indigenous schools still face great challenges. Such institutions need significant improvements to offer an intercultural, bilingual, and inclusive education, as guaranteed by law. In addition, it was observed that the preservation of Indigenous languages, many at risk of extinction, is a critical issue, and the recent approval of Bill No. 3,690/2019 represents an advance in this area but depends on continuous mobilization for its effective implementation. It is concluded that the recognition of cultural diversity is fundamental for a more equitable and democratic education. Overcoming indigenous educational challenges requires effective public policies and an education system that values traditional cultures and knowledge while preparing students for intercultural dialogue.