QUALITY OF LIFE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN WOMEN DURING MENOPATERIC

Abstract

Climacteric is a transitional phase in women's lives, marking the end of reproductive capacity and the beginning of a period of profound physiological, psychological, and social transformations. This phase encompasses pre-menopause, menopause, and post-menopause, and is associated with a series of symptoms that include hot flashes, sleep changes, weight gain, anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunctions. These changes can negatively impact women's quality of life, especially in contexts where access to information and health care is limited. This study aims to understand the factors associated with the quality of life of women in the climacteric, analyzing how hormonal, metabolic, emotional, and sociocultural aspects interact during this period, through a narrative review of the literature. The research considered validated instruments, such as MENQOL and WHOQOL-BREF, to assess women's perception of their well-being and the impacts of climacteric symptoms. Abdominal obesity, sleep disorders, and urinary incontinence were identified as among the most relevant factors, frequently associated with comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. In addition, emotional factors such as anxiety and depression were highly prevalent, negatively influencing women's social relationships, work productivity, and self-esteem. On the other hand, non-pharmacological interventions, including regular physical activity, therapeutic massages, and psychological counseling, proved to be effective in promoting improvements in quality of life. The role of gender relations and cultural constructions about femininity was also explored, highlighting how these factors can aggravate feelings of insecurity and vulnerability. This study contributes to the understanding of the challenges faced by women in the climacteric period, offering support for the implementation of multidimensional interventions that promote active and healthy aging.