SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND THE STATUS OF CHILD LEARNING

Abstract

This study reviews factors that may determine risks in neurodevelopment and child development, with potential cause or aggravation of Difficulties (ADp) and Specific Learning Disorders (TAp), particularly evidenced at the beginning of the school phase. The research was structured by tracking articles, theses and dissertations published from 2011 onwards in the indexes: SciELO and Google Scholar. In addition, the data were complemented with information from scientific and physical books, Google Books and institutional websites. The integrative review adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, content analysis, eligibility by reading techniques, semantic categorization by word-theme, in addition to instruments of methodological quality and risk of bias. This review allows for the synthesis and exploration of evidence on the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) that impact the status of children's learning. The results highlight that unfavorable socio-environmental conditions, economic, sociodemographic, hereditary, genetic, biological, psychosocial factors and environmental exposures are significantly associated with impairments in the development and learning of children. These factors affect cognitive functions such as memory, attention, cognitive flexibility, and planning, which are essential for the development of children's learning. It was observed the need for studies that focus on specific contexts where children are in vulnerable phases of cognitive development. Special attention should be paid to factors such as social and community networks, as well as exposure to environmental pollutants and contaminants. In addition, the development of public and private educational and health interventions is recommended.