SELETIVIDADE ALIMENTAR NO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: UM ESTUDO MULTICÊNTRICO SOBRE PADRÕES, FATORES ASSOCIADOS E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n1-006Palavras-chave:
Transtorno do Espectro Autista, Seletividade Alimentar, Pediatria, Crianças, AdolescentesResumo
Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por dificuldades na interação social, comunicação e comportamentos repetitivos, com causas genéticas e ambientais. Dentre os diversos comportamentos de indivíduos com TEA, destaca-se a seletividade alimentar, a qual se relaciona com o comportamento estereotipado e limitações na interação social. Objetivo: Analisar os padrões de seletividade alimentar, as restrições dietéticas e os aspectos emocionais e familiares relacionados à alimentação de crianças e adolescentes com TEA. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, de natureza transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários estruturados a responsáveis por crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de TEA, atendidos em instituições especializadas. A análise estatística incluiu testes multivariados para identificação de associações significativas entre variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 402 cuidadores. A prevalência de seletividade alimentar foi elevada (67,91%), com predileção por alimentos ricos em carboidratos e proteínas. A presença de acompanhamento profissional, sobretudo por nutricionistas e fonoaudiólogos, apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com a redução de comportamentos alimentares restritivos. Relatos frequentes incluíram dificuldades durante as refeições e efeitos negativos sobre o bem-estar emocional de cuidadores e familiares. Conclusão: Os achados reforçam a importância de intervenções interdisciplinares e individualizadas no manejo da seletividade alimentar em indivíduos com TEA, integrando apoio nutricional, terapias fonoaudiológicas e suporte psicossocial. O estudo contribui para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os desafios alimentares nessa população e fornece subsídios para o aprimoramento de políticas públicas e práticas assistenciais voltadas ao cuidado integral.
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