EVASIÓN DE LA RESPUESTA INMUNITARIA EN EL CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA: PAPEL DEL MICROAMBIENTE TUMORIAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/10.56238/levv16n54-050Palabras clave:
Neoplasia, Mediadores Inmunitarios, Mecanismo Inmunológico, InmunoterapiaResumen
Introducción: El cáncer de próstata (CaP) es una de las neoplasias más prevalentes entre los hombres, con una alta tasa de incidencia y mortalidad. En 2022 se registraron a nivel mundial 1.467.854 casos y 397.430 muertes. En Brasil, el CaP es el más diagnosticado entre los hombres, con 71.730 nuevos casos en 2023. La enfermedad se caracteriza por la proliferación descontrolada de células tumorales y la evasión de la respuesta inmune, facilitando la metástasis. Objetivo: Ante este escenario, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo develar el proceso de crecimiento del cáncer, con énfasis en el papel del microambiente tumoral y su papel en la evasión de la respuesta inmune. Metodología: Este estudio se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión de la literatura, utilizando fuentes académicas contemporáneas. La investigación se centró en el análisis descriptivo de las interacciones entre el microambiente tumoral (MAT) y la respuesta inmune en el contexto del cáncer de próstata, abarcando publicaciones de 2015 a 2025. Resultados: El microambiente tumoral juega un papel crucial en la progresión del CaP, creando condiciones inmunosupresoras que favorecen la supervivencia de las células tumorales. Las células MAT secretan factores que inhiben la respuesta del sistema inmunológico, lo que dificulta la eliminación de las células cancerosas. Conclusión: La complejidad de MAT representa un desafío importante para la efectividad de las terapias disponibles para el CaP. La detección temprana de la enfermedad es fundamental para mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes. Continuar la investigación de nuevas terapias es esencial para desarrollar estrategias que puedan superar las barreras impuestas por el microambiente tumoral.
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