AKHAL-TEKE E A SÍNDROME DO POTRO NU: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n53-025Palavras-chave:
Akhal-Teke, Diversidade Genética, ST14, Naked Foal Syndrome, Conservação GenéticaResumo
O cavalo Akhal-Teke é uma das raças equinas mais antigas e raras do mundo, reconhecido por sua morfologia singular, resistência atlética e relevância histórico-cultural. A reduzida população global aumenta a vulnerabilidade da raça à endogamia e à expressão de doenças hereditárias, sendo a Naked Foal Syndrome (NFS) a mais relevante, caracterizada como condição autossômica recessiva causada por mutação no gene ST14, resultando em alopecia congênita, comprometimento cutâneo e elevada mortalidade neonatal. Este estudo consiste em uma revisão de literatura sobre a origem, morfologia, desempenho esportivo, diversidade genética e principais desafios sanitários do Akhal-Teke, com enfoque na NFS. Foram analisadas publicações científicas sobre aspectos clínico-patológicos da síndrome, ferramentas de diagnóstico molecular e estratégias de conservação da raça. A revisão evidencia que a preservação do Akhal-Teke requer integração de ferramentas genômicas, manejo reprodutivo criterioso, criopreservação de germoplasma e cooperação internacional, visando a manutenção da variabilidade genética e a prevenção de doenças hereditárias.
Downloads
Referências
AHMAD, FAROOQ; AHMED, ISHTAIQ; NASIR, ABDUL; UMAIR, MUHAMMAD; SHAHZAD, SHAHEEN; MUHAMMAD, DOST; SANTOS-CORTEZ, REGIE LYN P.; LEAL, SUZANNE M.; AHMAD, WASIM.. A disease-causing novel missense mutation in the ST14 gene underlies autosomal recessive ichthyosis with hypotrichosis syndrome in a consanguineous family. European Journal of Dermatology, v. 28, n. 2, p. 209–216, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2017.3210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2017.3210
AKHAL-TEKE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA – ATAA. Akhal-Teke Breed Standard and Morphology. Disponível em: https://www.akhal-teke.org.
AKHAL-TEKE FOUNDATION. International programs for conservation of the Akhal-Teke horse. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.akhalteke.org.
AKHAL-TEKE FOUNDATION. Genetic conservation strategies for rare horse breeds. 2025. Disponível em: https://www.akhalteke.org.
ATROSHCHENKO, M.; DEMENTIEVA, N.; SHCHERBAKOV, Y.; NIKOLAEVA, O.; AZOVTSEVA, A.; RYABOVA, A.; NIKITKINA, E.; MAKHMUTOVA, O.; DATSYSHIN, A.; ZAKHAROV, V.; ZAITSEV, A. Genetic diversity of native Russian horse breeds including Akhal-Teke. Genes, v. 14, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122148
BAUER, ANINA; HIEMESCH, THERESA; JAGANNATHAN, VIDHYA; NEUDITSCHKO, MARKUS; BACHMANN, IRIS; RIEDER, STEFAN; MIKKO, SOFIA; PENEDO, M. CECILIA; TARASOVA, NADJA; VITKOVÁ, MARTINA. A nonsense variant in the ST14 gene in Akhal-Teke horses with naked foal syndrome. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, v. 7, n. 4, p. 1315-1321, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.117.039511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.117.039511
BELLONE, REBECCA R.; AVILA, FELIPE. Genetic testing in the horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, v. 36, n. 2, p. 211-234, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2020.03.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2020.03.003
COZZI, M. C.; STRILLACCI, M. G.; VALIATI, P.; ROGLIANO, E.; BAGNATO, A.; LONGERI, M. Genetic variability of Akhal-Teke horses bred in Italy. PeerJ, v. 6, e4889, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4889
FALCO, M. J.; WHITWELL, K.; PALMER, A. C. An investigation into the genetics of 'wobbler disease' in thoroughbred horses in Britain. Equine Veterinary Journal, 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1976.tb03331.x. PMID: 976231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1976.tb03331.x
FERRET, CAROLE. À chacun son cheval! Identités nationales et races équines en ex-URSS (à partir des exemples turkmène, kirghize et iakoute). Cahiers d’Asie centrale, n. 19-20, p. 405-458, 2011. Disponível em: https://journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/1343.
FLANAGAN, SHARON; ROWE, ÁINE; DUGGAN, VIVIENNE; MARKLE, ERIN; O’BRIEN, MAUREEN; BARRY, GERALD. Development of a real-time PCR assay to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism causing Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome. PLOS ONE, 8 nov. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259316
GOURAUD, S. Le cheval en Asie centrale. Paris: Éditions Karthala, 2005.
HALPER, JAROSLAVA; KHAN, AHRAR; MUELLER, P. O. E. Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis – A new realty. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, Karachi, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2011. Disponível em: https://www.pvj.com.pk/pdf-files/31_1/1-8.pdf. Acesso em: 29 set. 2025.
HENDRICKS, B. International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007.
JISKROVÁ, IVA; VRTKOVÁ, IRENA; PRAUSOVÁ, MICHAELA. Genetic diversity of Akhal-Teke horse populations from the Czech Republic, Russia, Estonia and Switzerland. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, v. 64, n. 2, p. 461-466, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020461
KANG, ZHOUCAIRANG; SHI, JINPING; LIU, TING; ZHANG, YONG; ZHANG, QUANWEI; LIU, ZHE; WANG, JIANFU; CHENG, SHURU. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data and mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 nucleotide sequence reveal the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse. Animal Bioscience, v. 36, n. 10, p. 1499-1507, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0044
KOVALEVSKAYA, V. Ancestrais do cavalo oriental na Eurásia: origem e distribuição. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, v. 48, n. 1, p. 129-139, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.1.129-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.1.129-139
LEISSON, K.; ALEV, K.; KAASIK, P.; JAAKMA, Ü.; SEENE, T. Myosin heavy chain pattern in the Akhal-Teke horses. Animal, v. 5, n. 5, p. 658-662, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110002375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110002375
MONTHOUX, C.; DE BROT, S.; JACKSON, M.; BLEUL, U.; WALTER, J.; LEFEBVRE, R.; BURGER, D. Skin malformations in a neonatal foal tested homozygous positive for Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome. BMC Veterinary Research, London, v. 11 n. 12, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0318-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0318-8
NICODEMUS, MOLLY; FRIEND, MOLLY; BERANGER, JEANNETTE. PSXV-13 Relationship between velocity and temporal variables in the Akhal-Teke glide. Journal of Animal Science, v. 100, suppl. 3, p. 293-294, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.533
PETRI, M. The politics of pure-blooded horses in Imperial Russia. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 40(5), 1143–1161. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2023.2291440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2023.2291440
ROUSSEAU,ÉLISE. Horses of the world. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.
TÓTH, B.; AUTH, A.; ROMPOS, L.; BAKOS, Z. Effect of feed deprivation on selected parameters of lipid mobilisation and hepatic function in healthy Akhal Teke horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12730
USTYANTSEVA, A. V.; KHRABROVA, L. A.; ABRAMOVA, N. V.; RYABOVA, T. N. Genetic characterization of Akhal-Teke horse subpopulations using 17 microsatellite loci. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, v. 341, p. 012070, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/341/1/012070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/341/1/012070
