USO DE AGONISTAS DE INCRETINA DOBLES Y TRIPLES (TIRZEPATIDA Y RETARTIDA) EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD Y LA DIABETES TIPO 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n59-045Palabras clave:
Obesidad, Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Tirzepatida, Retatrutida, IncretinasResumen
La obesidad y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) constituyen importantes desafíos para la salud pública mundial, que exigen enfoques terapéuticos más eficaces e integrados. En este contexto, los agonistas de incretinas duales y triples emergen como estrategias innovadoras al actuar simultáneamente sobre múltiples vías metabólicas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis crítico y comparativo del uso de tirrizepatida y retatrutida en el tratamiento de la obesidad y la DM2, con base en la evidencia científica reciente. Se trata de una revisión narrativa crítico-analítica, realizada mediante una búsqueda estructurada en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect y Cochrane Library, que abarca estudios publicados entre 2016 y 2025. Se incluyeron veinte estudios, entre ellos ensayos clínicos, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y revisiones narrativas. Los resultados indican que la tirzepatida tiene una eficacia consolidada en el control glucémico y la reducción del peso corporal, mientras que la retatrutida demuestra un mayor potencial para la pérdida de peso, posiblemente relacionado con un mayor gasto energético mediado por la activación del receptor de glucagón. Sin embargo, esta aparente superioridad se acompaña de una mayor incidencia de efectos adversos y una disponibilidad limitada de evidencia a largo plazo. La ausencia de estudios comparativos directos y la heterogeneidad metodológica dificultan la definición del posicionamiento ideal de estas terapias. Se concluye que, si bien representan un avance significativo, los agonistas de incretinas duales y triples aún requieren más estudios, especialmente estudios a largo plazo con comparación directa, para consolidar su papel en la práctica clínica.
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