ESTRATEGIAS FARMACOLÓGICAS Y ENFOQUES INTEGRADOS EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA DEPENDENCIA DEL ZOLPIDEM: UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n56-005Palabras clave:
Dependencia de Zolpidem, Tratamiento del Insomnio, Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual, Síntomas de Abstinencia, Protocolos de InterrupciónResumen
INTRODUCCIÓN El zolpidem, un hipnótico ampliamente recetado para el tratamiento del insomnio, ha demostrado eficacia en el manejo a corto plazo de los trastornos del sueño. Sin embargo, el uso prolongado de este medicamento puede llevar al desarrollo de dependencia física y psicológica. Este escenario ha generado un creciente interés en la búsqueda de enfoques terapéuticos que puedan manejar eficazmente la dependencia del zolpidem y prevenir los efectos adversos asociados con su retirada. OBJETIVOS Evaluar los enfoques farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en el tratamiento de la dependencia del zolpidem, centrándose en la eficacia de los protocolos de destete gradual y las alternativas terapéuticas. MÉTODOS Esta es una revisión narrativa. Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Medline, y se aplicaron los siguientes descriptores: “Dependencia del zolpidem” Y “Terapia farmacológica” Y “Tratamiento del insomnio” O “Retirada hipnótica” O “Reducción gradual de la medicación” en los últimos 5 años. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Se han investigado diversos enfoques farmacológicos para el tratamiento de la dependencia del zolpidem, como el uso de antagonistas de los receptores de benzodiazepinas y agonistas de los receptores de melatonina. Los protocolos de deshabituación gradual han demostrado ser eficaces para minimizar los síntomas de abstinencia, especialmente cuando se combinan con apoyo psicoterapéutico, como la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC). Los estudios sugieren que la TCC es eficaz para prevenir recaídas y restablecer patrones de sueño saludables. Se están explorando enfoques emergentes, como la neuromodulación, para tratar los cambios neurobiológicos inducidos por el uso prolongado de zolpidem. CONCLUSIÓN: El manejo de la dependencia del zolpidem requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario que incluya intervenciones farmacológicas y conductuales. La combinación de la deshabituación gradual con apoyo psicoterapéutico, además de alternativas farmacológicas como los agonistas de la melatonina, ha demostrado ser eficaz en la recuperación de los pacientes. Nuevos enfoques terapéuticos, como la neuromodulación, pueden ofrecer soluciones prometedoras para el tratamiento de adicciones complejas y merecen mayor investigación.
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