EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTION OF TEACHING AND THE SHORTAGE OF NEW TEACHERS

Abstract

The training and appreciation of teachers in Brazil face historical challenges, with low salaries, precarious working conditions and lack of social recognition. The shortage of new teachers is aggravated by the devaluation of the profession, lack of public policies and scarcity of continuing education, in addition to the pressure of new technological and pedagogical demands. The general objective of this study is to analyze the historical construction of teaching and investigate the factors that contribute to the shortage of new teachers in the educational context of the 21st century. To carry out this study, a systematic literature review methodology was adopted, focusing on the analysis of the most recent publications on the historical construction of teaching and the shortage of new teachers. Teaching in the 21st century faces significant challenges, such as professional devaluation, precarious working conditions and low attraction of young people to the career. The implementation of public policies that encourage the training and retention of teachers is urgent. The increasing adoption of educational technologies requires continuous training of teachers, but also generates work overload. To attract more professionals, it is necessary to value the profession with better working conditions, greater autonomy and social recognition. Change depends on reformulating educational policies and valuing the teaching career, which is essential to guarantee the quality and sustainability of the education system.