ANALYSIS OF THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS – AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a chronic non-communicable disease, responsible for 90% of diabetes cases. Its etiopathogenesis involves insulin resistance and relative deficiency in the secretion of this hormone, being associated with factors such as sedentary lifestyle, poor diet and obesity. DM2 is a serious public health problem, with its increasing prevalence due to population aging and urbanization. This study focuses on the correct clinical management of DM2, which is essential for the prevention, control and reduction of complications associated with the disease. Methodology: The research used a systematic literature review, with searches carried out in the PubMed and Scielo databases, including studies published between 2020 and 2024. A total of 180 articles were identified, of which 30 were selected based on their significant contribution to the clinical management of DM2. The selection was guided by a guiding question (not specified in the text). Results and Discussion: The clinical management of T2DM involves several approaches, from pharmacological therapies to behavioral interventions and the use of new technologies. Glycemic control in a hospital environment, especially with the use of insulin, is essential, but there is a lack of clear consensus on the most effective protocols. The practice of physical exercise, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT), has been shown to be effective in reducing glucose levels and improving metabolic parameters. Technological innovations, such as connected insulin pens, also have benefits, despite implementation challenges. In addition, medications such as SGLT2 inhibitors and statins have demonstrated a positive impact on glycemic control and the reduction of cardiovascular complications. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of combined strategies for the management of T2DM, including insulin therapies, regular physical exercise, and technological innovations. Despite the advances, the variability in clinical protocols and the methodological limitations in studies make it difficult to generalize the results. Future research should focus on standardizing interventions and incorporating new technologies to improve the clinical management of T2DM.